Engineering Material Properties
Mechanical properties for common aerospace and structural materials. All values are room temperature unless stated. Values are typical — verify against the material specification for design.
Article 07.01Materials5 min read
materialpropertiesaluminiumtitaniumsteelCFRPYoung's modulusdensityCTE
Aluminium Alloys
| Alloy/Temper | Ftu (MPa) | Fty (MPa) | E (GPa) | ν | ρ (g/cm³) | CTE (×10⁻⁶/°C) |
|---|
| 2024-T3 | 483 | 345 | 73.1 | 0.33 | 2.78 | 22.9 |
| 2024-T351 | 470 | 325 | 73.1 | 0.33 | 2.78 | 22.9 |
| 7075-T6 | 572 | 503 | 71.7 | 0.33 | 2.81 | 23.6 |
| 7075-T651 | 538 | 469 | 71.7 | 0.33 | 2.81 | 23.6 |
| 6061-T6 | 310 | 276 | 68.9 | 0.33 | 2.70 | 23.6 |
| 6082-T6 | 295 | 260 | 70.0 | 0.33 | 2.71 | 23.4 |
| 2219-T851 | 455 | 352 | 73.8 | 0.33 | 2.84 | 22.5 |
Titanium Alloys
| Alloy/Condition | Ftu (MPa) | Fty (MPa) | E (GPa) | ν | ρ (g/cm³) | CTE (×10⁻⁶/°C) |
|---|
| Ti-6Al-4V (STA) | 1000 | 910 | 114 | 0.34 | 4.43 | 8.6 |
| Ti-6Al-4V (annealed) | 950 | 880 | 114 | 0.34 | 4.43 | 8.6 |
| Ti-3Al-2.5V (CW) | 690 | 620 | 103 | 0.34 | 4.48 | 8.1 |
| Ti-15V-3Cr (STA) | 1240 | 1170 | 103 | 0.34 | 4.76 | 8.2 |
| CP Ti Grade 2 (annealed) | 345 | 275 | 103 | 0.37 | 4.51 | 8.6 |
Steels
| Alloy/Condition | Ftu (MPa) | Fty (MPa) | E (GPa) | ν | ρ (g/cm³) | CTE (×10⁻⁶/°C) |
|---|
| 4130 (normalised) | 670 | 435 | 200 | 0.29 | 7.83 | 11.7 |
| 4340 (260°C temper) | 1860 | 1655 | 200 | 0.29 | 7.85 | 11.7 |
| 300M (260°C temper) | 1931 | 1655 | 200 | 0.29 | 7.85 | 11.7 |
| 17-4 PH (H900) | 1310 | 1170 | 197 | 0.27 | 7.78 | 10.8 |
| A286 (aged) | 1000 | 690 | 200 | 0.30 | 7.92 | 16.5 |
| 15-5 PH (H1025) | 1070 | 1000 | 200 | 0.27 | 7.80 | 10.8 |
Carbon Fibre Composites (UD, 60% Vf)
| Property | IM7/8552 | T300/914 | T800/924 | AS4/3501-6 | Units |
|---|
| E₁ (fibre) | 165 | 135 | 155 | 135 | GPa |
| E₂ (transverse) | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 9.0 | GPa |
| G₁₂ | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.1 | GPa |
| ν₁₂ | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.30 | — |
| Xt (fibre tension) | 2326 | 1500 | 2100 | 1500 | MPa |
| Xc (fibre compression) | 1200 | 1050 | 1050 | 1090 | MPa |
| Yt (transverse tension) | 62 | 50 | 55 | 50 | MPa |
| ρ | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.58 | g/cm³ |
Material Data Disclaimer
Values are typical for the stated grade and temper at room temperature. Material properties vary with specification, temper, heat treatment, product form, orientation, manufacturing route, temperature and supplier. For design substantiation, use the material data required by the applicable specification or programme (e.g. MMPDS A-basis or B-basis) rather than these generic reference values.
Related Knowledge
See the Engineering Materials Knowledge category for material science theory. See the Composite Structures Knowledge category for composite material theory.